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Robins, R. W., Trzesniewski, K. H., Tracy, J. L., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J.
(2002).
Global self-esteem across the lifespan.
Psychology and Aging, 17, 423-434.
Abstract
The present study provides a comprehensive picture of age differences in
global self-esteem across the lifespan. We examined age differences in
self-esteem from age 9 to 90 using cross-sectional data collected over the
Internet on 326,641 individuals. Self-esteem levels were high in childhood,
dropped during adolescence, rose gradually throughout adulthood, and
declined sharply in old age. This trajectory generally held across gender,
socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and nationality (U.S. vs. non-U.S.).
Overall, these findings support previous research, help clarify
inconsistencies in the literature, and document new trends that require
further investigation.
Authors
Richard W. Robins
Kali H. Trzesniewski
Jessica L. Tracy
University of California, Davis
Samuel D. Gosling
University of Texas, Austin
Jeff Potter
Cambridge, MA
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